Science of the Green

Community Value of Golf Courses project

Rethinking the value of golf using an ecosystem services approach: From the Minneapolis-St. Paul Region to cities in general

There are approximately 16,000 golf courses in the United States spread over many ecoregions and within a large variety of social contexts, from urban to rural, from forest to swamp, grassland to desert.  Economically, golf courses contribute billions of dollars collectively to the economy and create jobs for local communities.  Environmentally, golf courses require inputs of water, nutrients and pesticides and can be expensive to maintain.


Green speed and pace of play study

By Parker Anderson

Wednesday, June 8, 2016


Definition of sustainable golf

By Parker Anderson

Tuesday, January 24, 2017

In order to achieve sustainability in the golf industry it is important to create a working definition of sustainable golf around which to frame specific research and recommendations for the industry. As an industry with a wide range of stakeholders and influences, the golf industry requires a holistic definition of sustainability in order to capture the many facets of influence and impact. In this definition the ethics of permaculture are used as guiding parameters for defining sustainable golf.


Looking towards the future of sustainable golf

Historically the golf industry has fought against the incorporation of sustainability goals into their management strategies for fear of short-term costs and risks to quality of play. This resistance is often unfounded because environmental sustainability and economic profitability in the golf industry are not mutually exclusive.


Can golf courses "bee" friendly?

several honeybees
Image: Dave Brenner

It is critically important, and at the heart of what it means to be a sustain


Introducing GolfLAB

By Parker Anderson

Tuesday, February 14, 2017

What is a GolfLABSM?

The University of Minnesota (UMN), founded in the belief that all people are enriched by understanding, is dedicated to the advancement of learning and the search for truth; to the sharing of this knowledge through education for a diverse community; and to the application of this knowledge to benefit the people. UMN has an incredible resource on its campus, the UMN Les Bolstad Golf Course. The Science of the Green® initiative is focused on developing this resource as a collaborative multidisciplinary laboratory known as GolfLABSM.


UMN Les Bolstad Golf "PARK"

By Parker Anderson

Monday, July 17, 2017


Faster green speeds result in slower pace of play

By Parker Anderson

Tuesday, November 14, 2017


Science of the Green

scenic view of a golf course

The game of golf is a world-wide sport with a significant economic, environmental, and social impact on soc


Pace of play research creates opportunities in environmental stewardship and sustainability

By Parker Anderson

Thursday, November 30, 2017

Recently, the Science of the Green Initiative at the University of Minnesota, in partnership with the United States Golf Association (USGA), collected data on golf pace of play to examine the impacts of green speed on pace of play at seven golf courses of differing characteristics around the United States. The implications of the data collected, however, are far greater than just measuring the time each player spent on the putting greens; the results have additional value regarding golf facility sustainability and productivity.