Research Publications

2025

Barnes, M. R., Moncada, K. M., & Watkins, E. (2025). Identifying challenges in establishing pollinator lawns among current and potential owners. Agricultural & Environmental Letters, 10(2), e70044. doi.org/10.1002/ael2.70044

Rountree, V., Barnes, M., Hoecker-Martinez, M. S., & Strout, N. W. (2025). Annual GHG emissions in CO2e from turfgrass maintenance in Los Angeles County. Cities and the Environment, 18(2). DOI: 10.15365/cate.2025.180201

Barnes, M., Jakstis, K., & Fischer, L. (2025). Seasonal impressions of nature: Creatively exploring phenology through an intuitive learning activity. NACTA Journal, 69(TT). doi.org/10.56103/nactaj.v69iTT.248

DaCosta, M., Lu, J., Ebdon, J. S., Watkins, E., Petrella, D., Bekken, M., Pettersen, T., Aamlid, T. (2025). Effects of cultivar, synthetic cover, and plant health products on creeping bentgrass establishment in early spring. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 2025, 1-12. doi.org/10.1002/its2.70011

Yue, C., Parasuram, U., Watkins, E., Soldat, D., Koch, P., Frank, K., & DaCosta, M. (2025). The economic cost of winter injuries on golf courses in North America. HortScience, 60(8), 1389-1397. doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI18673-25

Watkins, E., Petrella, D. P., Aamlid, T., Christensen, D. C., Dalmannsdottir, S., Hollman, A. P., & Deters, G. (2025). Recovery of five cool-season turfgrasses following long-term ice encasement. Crop Science, 65(2), e70053. doi.org/10.1002/csc2.70053 

Barnes, M. R., Friell, J., Runck, B. C., Soldat, D. J., Watkins, E., & Yue, C. (2025). Cultivating connections: Framing turfgrass as a thriving social–ecological–technological system. Crop Science, 65, e21387. doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21387

Breuillin-Sessoms, F., Petrella, D., Deters, G., Turberville, J., & Watkins, E. (2025). Response of cool-season turfgrass monocultures and two-way mixtures to sequential acute drought periods. Crop Science, 65, e21385. doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21385

2024

Barnes, M. R., Campagna, I. A., Haddad, B., & Watkins, E. (2024). Unearthing green potential: Assessing the state of managed urban landscape curricula in Minnesota’s higher education institutions. Natural Sciences Education53(1), e20139. doi.org/10.1002/nse2.20139

Barnes, M. R., & Jakstis, K. (2024). Winter–nature interactions elicit positive sentiments in urban millennials: A cross-cultural analysis in Minneapolis-St. Paul, USA, and Stuttgart, Germany. Ecopsychology16(2), 135–148. doi.org/10.1089/eco.2023.0028

Barnes, M. R., & Watkins, E. (2024). Sports field users in Minnesota support herbicide use for weed-free recreation. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management10(1), e20276. doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20276

Heineck, G. C., Ehlke, N. J., & Watkins, E. (2024). Investigating tradeoffs in perennial ryegrass turfgrass performance and seed yield capacity in the US Midwest. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment7(3), e20520. doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20520

Jakstis, K., & Barnes, M. R. (2024). Winter-human-nature interactions: A scoping review for a neglected season. Global Environmental Psychology2, e11251. doi.org/10.5964/gep.11251

Wang, Y., Yue, C., Watkins, E., & Straw, C. (2024). The driving forces and barriers of golf course superintendents’ adoption of precision irrigation technology. Journal of Environmental Horticulture42(2), 66–74. doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-42.2.66

2023

Barnes, M. R., & Watkins, E. (2023). “Nothing beats nature”: Park visitor preferences for natural turfgrass and artificial turf: A case study. HortScience58(4), 453–458. doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI17077-23

Barreto Ortiz, J., Hirsch, C. N., Ehlke, N. J., & Watkins, E. (2023). SpykProps: An imaging pipeline to quantify architecture in unilateral grass inflorescences. Plant Methods19(1), 125. doi.org/10.1186/s13007-023-01104-z

Braun, R. C., Watkins, E., Hollman, A. B., & Patton, A. J. (2023). Assessing the fertilizer and pesticide input needs of cool‐season turfgrass species. Crop Science63(5), 3079–3095. doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21046

Breuillin‐Sessoms, F., Petrella, D. P., Ehlke, N. J., Vellekson, D., & Watkins, E. (2023). Spring wheat canopy effects on light dynamics and yield of intercropped fine fescues. Crop Science63(5), 3096–3109. doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21062

Cui, M., Yue, C., Zhao, L., & Watkins, E. (2023). United States consumers’ landscaping expenditures: A case of garden and lawn care services and equipment. HortTechnology33(1), 65–78. doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH05123-22

Jahnke, L. B., & Barnes, M. R. (2023). Longevity of rain gardens in Minnesota (US) as a stormwater solution: A question of homeowner motivation and satisfaction. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities5, 1277066. doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2023.1277066

Kong, X., Yue, C., Watkins, E., Barnes, M., & Lai, Y. (2023). Investigating the effectiveness of irrigation restriction length on water use behavior. Water Resources Management37(1), 251–268. doi.org/10.1007/s11269-022-03367-y

Lai, Y., Yue, C., Watkins, E., & Barnes, M. (2023). Investigating the efficacy of government rebates: A case of the smart irrigation system. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics48(3), 581–599.  

Philocles, S., Torres, A. P., Patton, A. J., & Watkins, E. (2023). The adoption of low-input turfgrasses in the midwestern US: The case of fine fescues and tall fescue. Horticulturae9(5), 550. doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9050550

Qu, Y., Kne, L., Graham, S., Watkins, E., & Morris, K. (2023). A latent scale model to minimize subjectivity in the analysis of visual rating data for the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program. Frontiers in Plant Science14, 1135918. doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1135918

Wang, Y., Yue, C., Watkins, E., & Straw, C. (2023). How do risk preferences affect golf course superintendents’ adoption of precision irrigation technologies? Implications from prospect theory. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics55(3), 516–535. doi.org/10.1017/aae.2023.28

Wolfin, J., Watkins, E., Lane, I., Portman, Z. M., & Spivak, M. (2023). Floral enhancement of turfgrass lawns benefits wild bees and honey bees (Apis mellifera). Urban Ecosystems26(2), 361–375. doi.org/10.1007/s11252-023-01339-7

Yue, C., Lai, Y., Watkins, E., Patton, A., & Braun, R. (2023). A behavioral approach to identify barriers to adoption of new technology: A case study of low-input turfgrasses. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics55(1), 72–99. doi.org/10.1017/aae.2023.7

2022

Barnes, M. R. (2022). Urban lawns as nature-based learning spaces. Ecopsychology14(2), 92–100. doi.org/10.1089/eco.2021.0025

Barnes, M. R., & Watkins, E. (2022). Differences in likelihood of use between artificial and natural turfgrass lawns. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism37, 100480. doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2021.100480

Barnes, M. R., & Watkins, E. (2022). ‘Greenness’ in the eye of the beholder: Comparing perceptions of sustainability and well-being between artificial and natural turfgrass. Cities and the Environment15(1) 2. doi.org/10.15365/cate.202.150102

Braun, R. C., Braithwaite, E. T., Kowalewski, A. R., Watkins, E., Hollman, A. B., & Patton, A. J. (2022). Nitrogen fertilizer and clover inclusion effects on the establishment of fine fescue taxa. Crop Science62(2), 947–957. doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20704

Braun, R. C., Watkins, E., Hollman, A. B., Mihelich, N. T., & Patton, A. J. (2022). Management, harvest, and storage characteristics of low‐input cool‐season turfgrass sod mixtures. Agronomy Journal114(3), 1752–1768. doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21051

Petrella, D. P., Breuillin-Sessoms, F., & Watkins, E. (2022). Layering contrasting photoselective filters improves the simulation of foliar shade. Plant Methods18(1), 16. doi.org/10.1186/s13007-022-00844-8

Reiter, M., Mihelich, N. T., Qiu, Y., Horgan, B. P., & Watkins, E. (2022). Assessing fine fescue mixtures and plant growth regulator applications to determine their effect on traffic tolerance and divot recovery. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal14(1), 502–515. doi.org/10.1002/its2.82

Straw, C., Bolton, C., Young, J., Hejl, R., Friell, J., & Watkins, E. (2022). Soil moisture variability on golf course fairways across the United States: An opportunity for water conservation with precision irrigation. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment5(4), e20323. doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20323

Xie, Y., Farhadloo, M., Guo, N., Shekhar, S., Watkins, E., Kne, L., Bao, H., Patton, A. J., & Morris, K. (2022). NTEP‐DB 1.0: A relational database for the national turfgrass evaluation program. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal14(1), 316–332. doi.org/10.1002/its2.76

Yue, C., Cui, M., Kong, X., Watkins, E., & Barnes, M. (2022). Landscape irrigation and water conservation in urban areas: An analysis of information-based strategies. HortTechnology32(2), 213–225. doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH05001-21

2021

Barnes, M. R., Yue, C., & Watkins, E. (2021). Homeowner perceptions of watering restriction scenarios in the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management7(2), e20131. doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20131

Braun, R. C., Patton, A. J., Watkins, E., Hollman, A. B., Murphy, J. A., Park, B. S., Kowalewski, A. R., & Braithwaite, E. T. (2021). Optimal fine fescue mixture seeding dates in the northern United States. Agronomy Journal113(5), 4413–4428. doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20859

Braun, R. C., Watkins, E., Hollman, A. B., Mihelich, N. T., & Patton, A. J. (2021). Investigation of cool‐season species, seeding rate, and nitrogen fertilization in sod production: I. Establishment and sod tensile strength. Agronomy Journal113(5), 4176–4189. doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20810

Braun, R. C., Watkins, E., Hollman, A. B., Mihelich, N. T., & Patton, A. J. (2021). Investigation of cool‐season species, seeding rate, and nitrogen fertilization in sod production: II. Management and shelf‐life. Agronomy Journal113(4), 3460–3474. doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20777

Breuillin-Sessoms, F., Petrella, D. P., Sandor, D., Bauer, S. J., & Horgan, B. P. (2021). Response of retail lawn seed products during acute drought and recovery. HortTechnology31(4), 448–457. doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH04809-21

Breuillin‐Sessoms, F., Petrella, D. P., Trappe, J. M., Mihelich, N. T., Patton, A. J., & Watkins, E. (2021). Field evaluation of weed suppression in fine fescue (Festuca spp.). Crop Science61(4), 2812–2826. doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20506

Friell, J., & Watkins, E. (2021). Review of cool‐season turfgrasses for salt‐affected roadsides in cold climates. Crop Science61(5), 2893–2915. doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20326

Heineck, G. C., Ehlke, N. J., & Watkins, E. (2021). Predictive ability of perennial ryegrass spaced‐plant nurseries for turfgrass and seed production swards in Minnesota. Crop Science61(5), 2997–3010. doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20278

Lonsdorf, E. V., Nootenboom, C., Janke, B., & Horgan, B. P. (2021). Assessing urban ecosystem services provided by green infrastructure: Golf courses in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metro area. Landscape and Urban Planning208, 104022. doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.104022

Petrella, D. P., Bauer, S., Horgan, B. P., & Watkins, E. (2021). Exploring fine fescues as an option for low‐input golf greens in the north‐central USA. Crop Science61(5), 2949–2962. doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20390

Qiu, Y., Yang, Y., Hirsch, C. D., & Watkins, E. (2021). Building a reference transcriptome for the hexaploid hard fescue turfgrass (Festuca brevipila) using a combination of PacBio Isoseq and Illumina sequencing. Crop Science61(4), 2798–2811. doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20489

2020

Braun, R. C., Patton, A. J., Watkins, E., Koch, P. L., Anderson, N. P., Bonos, S. A., & Brilman, L. A. (2020). Fine fescues: A review of the species, their improvement, production, establishment, and management. Crop Science60(3), 1142–1187. doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20122

Breuillin‐Sessoms, F., & Watkins, E. (2020). Performance of multiple turfgrass species during prolonged heat stress and recovery in a controlled environment. Crop Science60(6), 3344–3361. doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20262

Heineck, G. C., Ehlke, N. J., Altendorf, K. R., Denison, R. F., Jungers, J. M., Lamb, E. G., & Watkins, E. (2020). Relationships and influence of yield components on spaced‐plant and sward seed yield in perennial ryegrass. Grass and Forage Science75(4), 424–437. doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12499

Heineck, G. C., Qiu, Y., Ehlke, N. J., & Watkins, E. (2020). The fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae var. Lolii plays a limited role in mediating crown rust severity in perennial ryegrass. Crop Science60(2), 1090–1104. doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20095

Petrella, D. P., & Watkins, E. (2020). Variation in fine fescue taxa response to simulated foliar shade. Crop Science60(6), 3377–3394. doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20279

Qiu, Y., Hamernick, S., Ortiz, J. B., & Watkins, E. (2020). DNA content and ploidy estimation of Festuca ovina accessions by flow cytometry. Crop Science60(5), 2757–2767. doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20229

Sharma, S., Dhakal, K., Wagle, P., & Kilic, A. (2020). Retrospective tillage differentiation using the Landsat-5 TM archive with discriminant analysis. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment3(1), e20000. doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20000

Straw, C. M., Principe, F. M., Kurtz, E. L., Wiese-Bjornstal, D. M., & Horgan, B. P. (2020). Within-field variability of turfgrass surface properties and athlete performance: Modeling their relationship using GPS and GIS technologies. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology234(2), 170–175. doi.org/10.1177/1754337119901090

Straw, C. M., Wardrop, W. S., & Horgan, B. P. (2020). Golf course superintendents’ knowledge of variability within fairways: A tool for precision turfgrass management. Precision Agriculture21(3), 637–654. doi.org/10.1007/s11119-019-09687-1

2019

Heineck, G. C., Bauer, S. J., Cavanaugh, M., Hollman, A., Watkins, E., & Horgan, B. P. (2019). Variability in creeping bentgrass cultivar germinability as influenced by cold temperatures. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management5(1), 180054. doi.org/10.2134/cftm2018.07.0054

Heineck, G. C., McNish, I. G., Jungers, J. M., Gilbert, E., & Watkins, E. (2019). Using R‐based image analysis to quantify rusts on perennial ryegrass. The Plant Phenome Journal2(1), 1–10. doi.org/10.2135/tppj2018.12.0010

Lane, I. G., Wolfin, J., Watkins, E., & Spivak, M. (2019). Testing the establishment of eight forbs in mowed lawns of hard fescue (Festuca brevipila) for use in pollinator conservation. HortScience54(12), 2150–2155. doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14336-19

Lane, I., Watkins, E., & Spivak, M. (2019). Turfgrass species affect the establishment and bloom of kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum) in lawns. HortScience54(5), 824–828. doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI13779-18

Qiu, Y., Hirsch, C. D., Yang, Y., & Watkins, E. (2019). Towards improved molecular identification tools in fine fescue (Festuca L., Poaceae) turfgrasses: Nuclear genome size, ploidy, and chloroplast genome sequencing. Frontiers in Genetics10, 1223. doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.01223

Ramer, H., Nelson, K. C., Spivak, M., Watkins, E., Wolfin, J., & Pulscher, M. (2019). Exploring park visitor perceptions of ‘flowering bee lawns’ in neighborhood parks in Minneapolis, MN, US. Landscape and Urban Planning189, 117–128. doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.04.015

Yue, C., Wang, J., Watkins, E., Bonos, S. A., Nelson, K. C., Murphy, J. A., Meyer, W. A., & Horgan, B. P. (2019). Investigating the practices and challenges for turfgrass breeders and distributors. HortScience54(1), 129–135. doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI13343-18

Yue, C., Wang, J., Watkins, E., Xie, Y., Shekhar, S., Bonos, S. A., Patton, A., Morris, K., & Moncada, K. (2019). User preferences for accessing publically available turfgrass cultivar performance data. HortTechnology29(5), 599–610. doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH04390-19

2018

Barnes, M. R., Nelson, K. C., Meyer, A. J., Watkins, E., Bonos, S. A., Horgan, B. P., Meyer, W. A., Murphy, J., & Yue, C. (2018). Public land managers and sustainable urban vegetation: The case of low-input turfgrasses. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening29, 284–292. doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.12.008

Grimshaw, A. L., Qu, Y., Meyer, W. A., Watkins, E., & Bonos, S. A. (2018). Heritability of simulated wear and traffic tolerance in three fine fescue species. HortScience53(4), 416–420. doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI12450-17

Heineck, G. C., Watkins, E., & Ehlke, N. J. (2018). The fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae var. Lolii does not improve the freezing tolerance of perennial ryegrass. Crop Science58(4), 1788–1800. doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2017.12.0731

Heineck, G., Watkins, E., & Ehlke, N. J. (2018). Exploring alternative management options for multiyear perennial ryegrass seed production in northern Minnesota. Crop Science58(1), 426–434. doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2017.03.0136

2017

Bauer, S. J., Cavanaugh, M. J., & Horgan, B. P. (2017). Wetting agent influence on putting green surface firmness. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal13(1), 624–628. doi.org/10.2134/itsrj2016.06.0490

Bauer, S. J., Horgan, B. P., Soldat, D. J., Lloyd, D. T., & Gardner, D. S. (2017). Effects of low temperatures on nitrogen uptake, partitioning, and use in creeping bentgrass putting greens. Crop Science57(2), 1001–1009. doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2016.09.0767

Friell, J., Watkins, E., Horgan, B. P., & Cavanaugh, M. (2017). Sod strength characteristics of 51 cool‐season turfgrass mixtures. Agronomy Journal109(4), 1749–1757. doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.05.0295

Hollman, A. B., Heineck, G. C., Frank, K. W., Bauer, S. J., Bryan, J., & Horgan, B. P. (2017). Effects of de‐icing products on putting green turf. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal13(1), 256–263. doi.org/10.2134/itsrj2016.06.0488

Koch, P. L., Soldat, D. J., Horgan, B. P., Bauer, S. J., & Patton, A. J. (2017). The Great Lakes School of Turfgrass Science: A nine-state online collaboration to improve the turfgrass short course. Journal of Extension55(3), 20. doi.org/10.34068/joe.55.03.20

Reiter, M., Friell, J., Horgan, B., Soldat, D., & Watkins, E. (2017). Drought response of fine fescue mixtures maintained as a golf course fairway. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal13(1), 65–74. doi.org/10.2134/itsrj2016.06.0460

Rice, P. J., & Horgan, B. P. (2017). Off-site transport of nitrogen fertilizer with runoff from golf course fairway turf: A comparison of creeping bentgrass with a fine fescue mixture. The Science of the Total Environment580, 533–539. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.209

Rice, P. J., Horgan, B. P., & Hamlin, J. L. (2017). Evaluation of individual and combined management practices to reduce the off-site transport of pesticides from golf course turf. The Science of the Total Environment583, 72–80. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.001

Yue, C., Wang, J., Watkins, E., Bonos, S. A., Nelson, K. C., Murphy, J. A., Meyer, W. A., & Horgan, B. P. (2017). An investigation of trait prioritization in turfgrass breeding programs. HortScience52(11), 1544–1549. doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI12027-17

Yue, C., Wang, J., Watkins, E., Bonos, S. A., Nelson, K. C., Murphy, J. A., Meyer, W. A., & Horgan, B. P. (2017). Heterogeneous consumer preferences for turfgrass attributes in the United States and Canada. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue Canadienne d’agroeconomie65(3), 347–383. doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12128

Yue, C., Wang, J., Watkins, E., Bonos, S., Nelson, K., Murphy, J. A., Meyer, W., & Horgan, B. (2017). Consumer preferences for information sources of turfgrass products and lawn care. Agronomy Journal109(4), 1726–1733. doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.05.0310

2016

Dabney, C., Ostergaard, J., Watkins, E., & Chen, C. (2016). A novel method to characterize silica bodies in grasses. Plant Methods12(1), 3. doi.org/10.1186/s13007-016-0108-8

Hugie, K. L., & Watkins, E. (2016). Performance of low-input turfgrass species as affected by mowing and nitrogen fertilization in Minnesota. HortScience51(10), 1278–1286. doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI11007-16

2015

Friell, J., Watkins, E., & Horgan, B. (2015). Cool-season turfgrass species mixtures for roadsides in Minnesota. Ecological Engineering84, 579–587. doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.09.057

Koeritz, E. J., Watkins, E., & Ehlke, N. J. (2015). Seeding rate, row spacing, and nitrogen rate effects on perennial ryegrass seed production. Crop Science55(5), 2319–2333. doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2014.02.0130

2014

Watkins, E., Gardner, D. S., Stier, J. C., Soldat, D. J., St. John, R. A., Christians, N. E., Hathaway, A. D., Diesburg, K. L., Poppe, S. R., & Gaussoin, R. E. (2014). Cultivar performance of low-input turfgrass species for the North Central United States. Applied Turfgrass Science11(1), ATS-2013-0101-RS. doi.org/10.2134/ATS-2013-0101-RS

2013

Friell, J., Watkins, E., & Horgan, B. (2013). Salt tolerance of 74 turfgrass cultivars in nutrient solution culture. Crop Science53(4), 1743–1749. doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2012.08.0476

Koeritz, E. J., Watkins, E., & Ehlke, N. J. (2013). A split application approach to nitrogen and growth regulator management for perennial ryegrass seed production. Crop Science53(4), 1762–1777. doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2012.08.0505

Miller, D. R., Mugaas, R. J., Meyer, M. H., & Watkins, E. (2013). Performance of low-maintenance turfgrass mixtures and blends. HortTechnology23(5), 610–612. doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.23.5.610

2012

Bauer, S., Horgan, B. P., Watkins, E., Hathaway, A., Calhoun, R., & Frank, K. (2012). Establishment of creeping bentgrass in annual bluegrass fairways using glyphosate and interseeding. Applied Turfgrass Science9(1), 1–10. doi.org/10.1094/ATS-2012-0127-01-RS

Bauer, S., Lloyd, D., Horgan, B. P., & Soldat, D. J. (2012). Agronomic and physiological responses of cool-season turfgrass to fall-applied nitrogen. Crop Science52(1), 1–10. doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2011.03.0124

Clark, M. D., & Watkins, E. (2012). Broad-sense heritability estimates of turfgrass performance characteristics in native prairie junegrass germplasm. HortScience47(9), 1228–1233. doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.47.9.1228

Friell, J., Watkins, E., & Horgan, B. (2012). Salt tolerance of 75 cool-season turfgrasses for roadsides. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science62(sup1), 44–52. doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2012.678381

Hugie, K., Yue, C., & Watkins, E. (2012). Consumer preferences for low-input turfgrasses: A conjoint analysis. HortScience47(8), 1096–1101. doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.47.8.1096

Hulke, B. S., Bushman, B. S., Watkins, E., & Ehlke, N. J. (2012). Association of freezing tolerance to LpCBFIIIb and LpCBFIIIc gene polymorphism in perennial ryegrass accessions. Crop Science52(5), 2023–2029. doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2011.09.0527

Yue, C., Hugie, K., & Watkins, E. (2012). Are consumers willing to pay more for low-input turfgrasses on residential lawns? Evidence from choice experiments. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics44(4), 549–560. doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.137132

2011

Cavanaugh, M., Watkins, E., Horgan, B., & Meyer, M. (2011). Conversion of Kentucky bluegrass rough to no-mow, low-input grasses. Applied Turfgrass Science8(1), 1–15. doi.org/10.1094/ATS-2011-0926-02-RS

Rice, P. J., Horgan, B. P., Hapeman, C. J., McConnell, L. L., Rice, P. J., Horgan, B. P., Hapeman, C. J., & McConnell, L. L. (2011). Efficacy of management practices to mitigate the off-site movement and ecological risk of pesticides transported with runoff from agricultural and turf systems. In Pesticides—Formulations, Effects, Fate. IntechOpen.  doi.org/10.5772/14145

Wang, S., Zhang, Q., & Watkins, E. (2011). Evaluation of salinity tolerance of prairie junegrass, a potential low-maintenance turfgrass species. HortScience46(7), 1038–1045. doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.46.7.1038

Watkins, E., Fei, S., Gardner, D., Stier, J., Bughrara, S., Li, D., Bigelow, C., Schleicher, L., Horgan, B., & Diesburg, K. (2011). Low-input turfgrass species for the North Central United States. Applied Turfgrass Science8(1), 1–11. doi.org/10.1094/ATS-2011-0126-02-RS

2010

Bierman, P. M., Horgan, B. P., Rosen, C. J., Hollman, A. B., & Pagliari, P. H. (2010). Phosphorus runoff from turfgrass as affected by phosphorus fertilization and clipping management. Journal of Environmental Quality39(1), 282–292. doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0505

Clark, M. D., & Watkins, E. (2010). Seed production characteristics of prairie junegrass germplasm accessions. Crop Science50(3), 1057–1065. doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2009.05.0235

Clark, M. D., & Watkins, E. (2010). Turfgrass characteristics of prairie junegrass germplasm accessions. Crop Science50(5), 2092–2102. doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2010.02.0068

Hoffman, L., DaCosta, M., Ebdon, J. S., & Watkins, E. (2010). Physiological changes during cold acclimation of perennial ryegrass accessions differing in freeze tolerance. Crop Science50(3), 1037–1047. doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2009.06.0293

Jiang, Y., Watkins, E., Liu, S., Yu, X., & Luo, N. (2010). Antioxidative responses and candidate gene expression in prairie junegrass under drought stress. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science135(4), 303–309. doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.135.4.303

Kerns, J. P., Koch, P. L., Horgan, B. P., Chen, C. M., & Wong, F. P. (2010). First report of brown ring patch caused by Waitea circinata var. Circinata on Poa annua in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Plant Disease94(9), 1165–1165. doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-9-1165A

Rice, P. J., Horgan, B. P., & Rittenhouse, J. L. (2010). Evaluation of core cultivation practices to reduce ecological risk of pesticides in runoff from Agrostis palustrisEnvironmental Toxicology and Chemistry29(6), 1215–1223. doi.org/10.1002/etc.179

Rice, P. J., Horgan, B. P., & Rittenhouse, J. L. (2010). Pesticide transport with runoff from creeping bentgrass turf: Relationship of pesticide properties to mass transport. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry29(6), 1209–1214. doi.org/10.1002/etc.180

Watkins, E., Hollman, A. B., & Horgan, B. P. (2010). Evaluation of alternative turfgrass species for low-input golf course fairways. HortScience45(1), 113–118. doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.45.1.113

2009

Johnsen, A. R., Horgan, B. P., Hulke, B. S., & Cline, V. (2009). Evaluation of remote sensing to measure plant stress in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) fairways. Crop Science49(6), 2261–2274. doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2008.09.0544

Kramer, K. E., Rice, P. J., Horgan, B. P., Rittenhouse, J. L., & King, K. W. (2009). Pesticide transport with runoff from turf: Observations compared with TurfPQ model simulations. Journal of Environmental Quality38(6), 2402–2411. doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0433

2008

Hulke, B. S., Watkins, E., Wyse, D. L., & Ehlke, N. J. (2008). Freezing tolerance of selected perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) accessions and its association with field winterhardiness and turf traits. Euphytica163(1), 131–141. doi.org/10.1007/s10681-007-9631-z

2007

Hulke, B. S., Watkins, E., Wyse, D., & Ehlke, N. (2007). Winterhardiness and turf quality of accessions of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) from public collections. Crop Science47(4), 1596–1602. doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2006.10.0671

2006

Sass, J. F., & Horgan, B. P. (2006). Irrigation scheduling on sand‐based creeping bentgrass: Evaluating evapotranspiration estimation, capacitance sensors, and deficit irrigation in the Upper Midwest. Applied Turfgrass Science3(1), 1–14. doi.org/10.1094/ATS-2006-0330-01-RS